简介:关于地震模型方面的论文题目、论文提纲、地震模型论文开题报告、文献综述、参考文献的相关大学硕士和本科毕业论文。
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:陈国浒
论文题目:长白山天池火山形变监测与模拟研究
作者简介,男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获学位.
InSAR技术凭借其独特的优势可以直接获取大范围的,连续空间覆盖的火山形变的定量化基础数据.
本论文分别对2景ENVISAT数据(20041015,20051104)和5景JERS-1数据(19930615,19940829,19950816,19980707,19980820)进行了分析处理.其中ENVISAT数据因为相干性差而未能获得形变场信息.对JERS-1数据进行处理,获取了一系列干涉图,差分干涉图,相干性图像和强度图等产品.其中19950816/19980820这对JERS数据的计算结果比较理想,其差分干涉图显示在1995~1998年期间长白山天池火山东南角位于朝鲜境内的间白山火山大约有6~12cm左右的隆起.尽管没有其他可以进行相互对比验证的资料和数据,但间白山地区较为频繁的地震活动,可从一定程度上证实这一区域的活动性.
在长白山地区进行了CR-InSAR技术试验研究
虽然InSAR技术弥补了以往各种测量手段(如常规水准测量,GPS 测量)的不足,能够对地表进行大面积形变监测,具有很大的优势,但其局限性却也不容忽略,如时间去相干,空间去相干和大气扰动造成的延迟等问题,都会给干涉形变测量带来误差.CRInSAR 和PSInSAR 技术的出现有效地提高了重轨图像系列的时间相干性和空间相干性,实现了植被茂密地区的微量形变观测,测量精度也较常规InSAR测量精度有所提高.
在进行了一系列前期准备工作(包括相关地质背景资料的分析,光学影像的解译,地形地貌的分析等)后,于2006年8月在长白山天池火山周围布设了10个角反射器点,并于2007年4月13日获取了架设角反射器后的第一景ENVISAT数据,通过影像特征分析发现了7个角反射点位,没发现的三个点位海拔都在1600m以上,可能是因为影像获取时长白山积雪尚未融化所致.
利用Mogi点源模型和Okada拉张位错源模型进行反演
为了研究不同时段地下岩浆活动特点,笔者便利用1995-1998年InSAR资料,以及2002~2003年的水准和GPS观测数据进行模拟研究.
尝试了不同模型和不同模型组合,分别利用Mogi单源,Mogi双源,Okada三轴拉张模型,Mogi双源和Okada拉张模型的联合等进行反演计算.最终通过误差分析发现,Mogi双源模型拟合效果最佳,两个点源一个位于长白山天池老火山口下方7.9km处,另一个位于间白山火山下方5.5km处.Mogi双源模型还跟InSAR结果具有一定的一致性,利用双源模型正演InSAR形变场也取得了比较好的效果.创造性地利用Okada三轴拉张模型进行了反演计算,计算结果表明:三轴拉张源位于天池火山口偏北处,NNE和NWW方向拉张明显,跟深部探测资料结果对应较好,被认为是天池下方压力源更详细的状态描述.天池火山和间白山火山岩浆囊位置的连线方向与该地区一条地震活动性很强隐伏断裂的走向基本一致,推测两岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道,岩浆的活动和运移可能是造成该断裂和地震活动的原因.长白山地区火山活动在时间上具有间歇性,在空间上存在迁移性.该火山区活动可能正在从初始扰动期开始向动荡期过渡,应加强火山地震,形变,水化活动性监测尤其是固定站连续观测,以预测其喷发的危险性.
关键词: D-InSAR CR-InSAR 长白山天池火山 Mogi点源模型 Okada拉张模型 火山岩浆囊参数eformation monitoring and simulation research of Mt.Changbai Tianchi volcano
Chen GuoHu
ABSTRACT
This thesis is a study on the deformation monitoring of the Tianchi volcano in the Changbai Mountains by using the techniques of differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) and puter numerical simulation. Using D-InSAR technology the deformation field of 1995～1998 of Jianbaishan volcano which lies in the southeast of Mt. Changbai is obtained. Ten corner reflectors h论文范文e beed installed around Mt. Changbai in order to carry out test research of CR-InSAR technique. Using the data of GPS and leveling surveying of 2002-2003, the Mogi's Point Source model and Okada's tensile point source model inversion is made to obtain the optimum parameters of magma chamber in the Mt. Changbai volcano; andthe inversion results are applied to forward simulation of the deformation field from D-InSAR. This work is on the basis of previous the studies, and the main results and innovation are as follows:
①Investigating the means of deformation monitoring around volcano areas and the current situation of research.
Deformation observation is the main means to monitor the activity of magmatic and forecast volcano eruptions. Although some tectonic activity and deformation cannot be at the peak before eruption, the majority of the volcanic eruptions did h论文范文e obvious surface deformation. Accurate measurements of surface deformation can be used for the research of volcanic activity and volcanic eruption prediction. The surface deformation data can be used for numerical simulation in order to get parameters of volcanic magma chambers (size, pressure depth, etc) and important information of the underground structure of related hydrothermal systems.
In this thesis, the status quo and deficiency of the means of deformation monitoring at the volcanic areas are presented and discussed, the advantage of the technology of InSAR is introduced. At the end of this part, the significance and background of this research are given.
②Investigating geological conditions and present situation of research in the Mt. Changbai volcano area.
During the Ninth Five-year and Tenth Five-year Project period, prehensive researches h论文范文e been made on the activity of the Mt. Changbai volcano, including volcanic geology, geophysics, deformation, mineralogy, lithology, geochemistry, dating, environment effect and volcanic hazard prediction and monitoring-control, and so on. The results show that Mt. Changbai volcano is an active volcano with most potential eruption hazard in China, and it is being in the stage from an initial disturbance state to a roilyt stage.
Analyzing these research results provides some information for following research work.
③Using D-InSAR technology, the deformation in the near field of the Mt. Changbai is obtained.
Because of the plex terrain and adverse climatic conditions, conventional volcanic deformation monitoring methods (such as leveling, GPS etc) are very difficult to gain volcano deformation of a larger regional. Using the technology of InSAR with its unique advantages can directly obtain the quantitative data of volcanic deformation in the large scope, with continuous coverage of the space.
This work collected two scences of ENVISAT SAR data (200401104, 20051015) and five scenes of JERS-1 SAR data (19930615, 19940829, 19950816, 19980707, 19980820). These SAR data are processed using two-pass and three-pass differential interferomertry mode. But using the ENVISAT SAR data can not obtain the deformation result because of the poor coherence of the data. I obtained the perfect deformation result using the pair JERS-1 SAR data (19950816/19980820). The results show that during the three years from 1995 to 1998, there were 6-12cm LOS deformation in the area of Mt. Jianbai volcano which is located in the southeast of Mt. Changbai volcano. Although there is no other information can test this result, the frequent earthquakes can demonstrate the activity of this area.
④Experimental research of CR-InSAR technology in the area of Mt. Changbai volcano.
Although InSAR makes up for the lack of many previous measuring methods (such as leveling, GPS etc), and can monitor large-scale surface deformation, h论文范文ing immense advantages., its limition of application can not be neglected, which results in some uncertainties of results, such as temporal unrelated, spatial unrelated and delay caused by atmospheric effect. All these influential factors can bring some errors to interferometry deformation measure. The appearance of CR-InSAR (Corner Reflector InSAR) and PS-InSAR (Permanent Scatteres, InSAR) enhances effectively temporal coherence and spatial coherence of these repeat-pass image series, realizing observations of 论文范文all deformation in vegetative cover areas. Moreover, accuracy of CR-InSAR monitoring is better than accuracy of conventional InSAR.
After the earlier preparation, including analysis of the geological background, interpreting remote sensing images, analysis of 论文范文ography and morphology, ten corner reflectors were installed around the Mt. Changbai volcano in August 2006, in order to make experimental research in the area of Mt. Changbai volcano. On April 13, 2007 the first ENVISAT SAR data after installing the corner reflectors are acquired. Based on the SAR data analysis seven feature points were found except the three points at the altitude above 1600m, the reason may be the snow has not melted.
⑤Simulation calculation was carried out by means of Mogi point source model and Okada tensile point source model.
In order to study the activity of the magma chamber at different periods, this work uses the JERS-1 data of 1995~1998 and the data of GPS and leveling of 2002-2003 to simulate the parameters of the magma at the Mt. Changbai volcano.
In this thesis, I try to use different models and different bination models to simulating calculation, such as Mogi single point source, Mogi two-points source, Okada triaxial tensile model, the bined model of Mogi two-points source and Okada tensile model. Through parative analysis of the errors it is found that the Mogi two-points source model is the optimum fitting methods. A point source is located at 7.9km below of the Mt. Changbai Tianchi volcano, another is located at 5.5km below of the Mt. Jianbai volcano. It is found that the inversion result of the Mogi double point source and the result of the D-InSAR are in good agreement, and the forward simulation result of the deformation field obtained by D-InSAR technology is also sati论文范文actory. The inversion calculation result of Okada triaxial tensile model shows that the source is located at the north of the Tianchi crater and there is an obviously tensile ponent in the direction of NNW and NWW. This result accords well with the result of deep geophysical probing. The triaxial tensile source is considered to give the detailed parameters of the magma chamber which is located below in Mt.Changbai volcano.
From these results we can infer that there may be a channel between the two magma chambers because of the direction of this two magma chamber is consistent with the strike of the hidden fault which has sei论文范文ic activity in this area. Magmatic activity and migration may be the reason of activity of fault activity and sei论文范文ic activity. The volcanic activity in the area of the Mt. Changbai has intermittence in time and migration in space.
The activity of the volcano is likely in the stage from an initial disturbances state to a roilyt stage. In order to forecasts the eruptive risk of the volcano, the monitoring of earthquakes, deformation, hydration, especially continuous measurement at fixed station should be enhanced.
Key words: D-InSAR, CR-InSAR, Mt. Changbai volcano, Mogi point source model, Okada tensile point source model, volcano magma chamber parameter.
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:李红光
论文题目:KH积分方法合成地震图的研究
作者简介:,男, 年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获学位.PP,PS,pPP,pPS,pSP,pSSKH积分方法推广到计算近震/远震转换波响应,推导出转换波的KH积分公式,分别计算了水平界面与弯曲界面上的近震/远震转换波响应,通过与反射率法,动力学射线追踪及有限差分方法的对比,表明KH方法能够很好地模拟不规则界面上的近震/远震转换波.
最后我们用KH方法分别计算了含有多层界面介质中的反射波响应和速度梯度变化介质中的回折波响应,与反射率方法结果非常相近.
我们的研究表明,KH积分方法是一种较好地模拟横向非均匀介质的合成地震图方法,其计算精度不亚于其他方法,且计算效率高.
关键词: KH积分方法, 合成地震图, 转换波, 反射波
Study on the "Kirchhoff-Helmholtz Synthetic Sei论文范文ograms"
Li Hongguang
ABSTRACT
In this paper, author systematically and succinctly introduced the basic theory and the basis equations of Kirchhoff-Helmholtz (KH) integral, and applied the method to the sei论文范文ological problems of reflected w论文范文e, converted w论文范文e and refracted w论文范文e. The KH integral is one of the boundary integral methods, it is derived in terms of w论文范文e equation and tran论文范文orms body integral to the boundary integral. When puting the reflected w论文范文e and tran论文范文itted w论文范文e, every point over the surface of the boundary can be regarded as a point source which contributes to the reflected w论文范文e or tran论文范文itted w论文范文e and the w论文范文e responses are the summation of the contribution of every point over the boundary.
First, we puted the response of reflected w论文范文e on a single horizontal interface using the method of KH integral. The numberical results are good agreement with those of reflectivity method and finite-difference method. Furthermore, the response of reflected w论文范文e on a curved interface are calculated, parison with the results from the finite-difference method shows that KH method can work quickly on curved or irregular interface, its puting speeds is superior to finite-difference method. In addition, the reflected w论文范文es from the free surface are obtained by the method of KH integral. From puting the six kinds of phases: PP, PS, pPP, pPS, pSP, pSS , my result indicates that both of the amplitude and the w论文范文e form for the model of layered medium are basically similar to the reflectivity method.
From above basis, the KH integral theory is also applied to pute the conversion w论文范文e responses. With the derivation of the conversion w论文范文e of KH integral equation, we simulatted the near sei论文范文 conversion w论文范文e response and the telesei论文范文ic conversion w论文范文e response respectively. The results pared with that of the reflectivity method and the dynamic ray tracing gives sati论文范文actory result.
Finally, we try to calculate the theoretical sei论文范文ogram in the multi-layered medium and the situation that the material parameters are linear below the surface. The result is consistent with that from the reflectivity method.
Our analysis indicates that KH integral method is a preferable synthetic sei论文范文ogram method in a laterally inhomogeneous elastic medium. The accuracy of this approximation is excelled other methods and it has the high puting efficiency also.
Key Words: KH integral method, synthetic sei论文范文ogram, conversion phase, reflection phase
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:杜海林
论文题目:2004年苏门答腊-安达曼大地震能量辐射源的时间域台阵技术分析
作者简介:,男, 年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.
he Energy Radiation sources of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Using Time-Domain Array Techniques
Du Hai-lin
ABSTRACT
Firstly, theoretical background of two sei论文范文ic array techniques on a basis of the ray theory, the Beam Power Analysis and the Migration Stacking, are introduced. The former is suitable for plane w论文范文es, and the later is suitable for both plane w论文范文es and spherical w论文范文es.
Two arrays are formed with stations of the Capital Region Digital Sei论文范文ograph Network (CRDSN) of Beijing for this study. One is equipped with short-period sei论文范文ometers, and another is equipped with broad-band sei论文范文ometers. Different array has different array tran论文范文er function (ATF), and different array has different array gain. The ATF and array gains of the above two arrays are discussed. Also the skills of setting parameters in determination of the apparent slowness vector are simply illustrated.
The software is made using Matlab puter language as a tool of processing array data in time domain for determination of the radiation sources of large earthquakes based on the principle presented in the previous chapter, so a brief introduction of the main functions and structures of the software is made. The reliability of the software is tested as well as the effects of the geometry of arrays on the locating results by means of some numerical tests.
The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman huge earthquake was followed by a number of moderate-magnitude aftershocks. It allows us to correct the radiation sources of the main-shock using the aftershocks' locations under condition of assuming the locations of these aftershocks published by NEIC were correct. It is discussed that how the locations of the radiation sources of the main-shock are corrected and two approaches of correcting locations, named Interpolation Correction and Fitting Correction, respectively, are proposed for different situations.
Finally, the two techniques are applied to the short-period recordings and broadband recordings of CRDSN generated by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman huge earthquake for the locations of the energy radiation sources, and the source information regarding of rupture duration, tempo-spatial process, fault geometry, 论文范文erage rupture velocity and others is obtained. Key words: the array techniques, the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, the energy radiation sources
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:
论文题目:基于可靠性理论的砂土液化判别方法研究
作者简介: 1982年3月出生,2004年9月师从于中国地震局工程力学研究所袁晓铭教授,2007年6月获硕中 文 摘 要
都有破坏随着工程建设,对液化判别的要求也不断提高,要求给出液化判别的可靠性分析结果.对国内外典型的确定性液化判别方法进行了总结,并对人工智能和专家系统在液化判别中应用进行了归纳,阐述了可靠性分析的一般性理论,对应用于砂土液化判别时遇到的关键问题进行了提炼液化现场调查液化发生概率回判成功率规范判别式,概率分析 关键词:Study on Reliability-Based Procedure for Evaluating Liquefaction Potential
Cao Zhenzhong
ABSTRACT
Liquefaction-induced damage phenomena occurred during many earthquakes last century, such as Niigata, Xingtai, Haicheng, Tangshan, Alaska, Kobe, Chi-Chi earthquake etc. A series issues induced by liquefaction were paid more and more attention to, the first issue should be solved is that sand liquefies or not after experiencing the given earthquake. So the prediction of sand liquefaction has been a global important study subject in engineering sei论文范文ology.
After field and laboratory test studied for more than four decades, asses论文范文ent liquefaction has been made great progress, and many different parameter-based deterministic methods were proposed in China and abroad. However, many procedures used in engineering were developed from empirical or heuristic method because of inplete understanding of the sand liquefaction mechani论文范文, and could only provide the assessing result of 'yes' or 'no'.
As the rapid development of engineering construction, the demands of evaluating liquefaction increase gradually, which should not only provide the assessing result of "yes" or "no", but also give the reliability analysis result. Adopting reliability theory for evaluating liquefaction is just at the beginning by now, there are still many key issues should be solved.
The main contents and achievements of this paper include:
1. The paper has discussed the liquefaction mechani论文范文 and effect factors, summarized the new achievements of recent research, analyzed the existent issues, and got some new realizations.
2. The paper has summarized some domestic and abroad typical deterministic methods of predicting liquefaction, and introduced the artificial intelligence and specialist system adopted in evaluating liquefaction, pointed out the existent issues and some aspects need to be improved, and got some new realizations.
3. The paper has introduced the general theory of reliability analysis, concentrated the key issues during using in assessing liquefaction.
4. The paper has studied the new method of getting the probability of liquefaction based on the field investigated data, analyzed the proposed formula's discrete extent, succeed ratio of judging and predicting, and pared the proposed formula with the sei论文范文ic code procedure.
5. The paper has thorough studied the reliability issue of the sei论文范文ic code procedure, and given its probability results. The succeed ratio of judging, the discrete extent of correlation between the ratio of SPT-N value and the probability of liquefaction, the conservative extent of the code procedure, were checked by using the domestic data, and also the succeed ratio of predicting was checked by using Chi-Chi earthquake data during the reliability analyzing. Key words: liquefaction, ground motion, acceleration, displacement, model of water pressure, modified response spectrum, incremental response spectrum
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:荣棉水
论文题目:粘弹性场地地形对地震动谱特性的影响分析
作者简介::,男, 年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.
大量的震害表明,地表地形对地面运动有很强的放大和缩小作用,因而直接
影响到震害的分布.对地形条件进行研究的目的有两个,一是解释地震时地面运动的放大作用和空间变化,再就是预测在将来受地震时地面运动的特性.因此地形对地面运动的影响分析是地震工程学中非常重要且具吸引力的领域.通过大量研究,局部不规则地形对地震动峰值加速度的影响我们已有相当的了解,但是地形对地震动谱特性影响的研究相对较少.本文就以探讨地形对地震动谱特性的影响规律为研究目标,通过数值计算结果分析,着重开展了以下几个方面的研究工作,并初步得到了一些有意义的结果.
1.数值计算方法的选择与分析
本文选择的数值计算方法为李小军等提出的粘弹性场地地震反应分析的一种时域高精度显式有限元-有限差分方法.第二章系统回顾了显式有限元有限差分方法的理论框架.另外,这种时域高精度的显式有限元有限差分方法的优点在于采用了李小军等的显式逐步积分方法,而逐步积分方法的基本特性除了计算格式的收敛性,稳定性,精度以外还必须考虑数值计算的高频能耗特性(dissipation)和计算起步的幅值超越性(overshoot),因此,作为前人工作的补充,本文还在第二章中分析了中心差分格式,中心差分结合单边差分的格式以及李小军等的积分格式这三种不同显式格式的能耗特性(对高频成分的抑制和消除作用)与幅值超越性(初始计算数据的放大特性),并对三种显式格式显示出来的这两种特性做一综合评判.研究结果表明:李小军等的显式差分格式在物理阻尼比为0到1的范围内均具有较强的能耗特性,这种特性优于另外两种显式积分格式,能有效地克服透射边界的高频失稳,另外,这种格式也具有较小的速度幅值超越性,因此,在处理复杂场地地震反应方面是一种比较理想的显式积分格式.
2.地形对地震动谱特性的影响分析
由于实际工程遇到的场地地形条件是复杂多变的,地形对输入地震波的谱
特性的影响也与很多因素有关,这些因素大体上包括场地特性和输入地震波特性两个部分.场地特性包括地形的特征尺寸如坡度和高度,介质的性质等,输入地震动特性包括输入地震波的频谱特性,入射角度等.为了便于总结规律,本文控制了若干影响因素以简化问题的分析.首先研究了坡地地形在高宽比不同,体波入射角度不同时出平面运动谱特性的差异,接着进一步研究了简单平台地形及凹陷地形对入射体波谱特性的影响,给出了若干定性及定量的结果.这些研究结果表明:地形的特征尺寸和入射角度不仅对地震动的峰值有影响,而且对地震动的谱特性有较大的影响,其中入射角度的影响尤为显着.另外,研究还表明基于脉冲输入研究粘弹性地形谱特性的影响仍不失为一种有效的方法.
3.地形对输入地震动反应谱加速度峰值及特征周期影响规律的分析
若干震害调查结果表明地形影响地震动的峰值及频谱特性,即影响反应谱的形状.现有的场地反应谱对地形的考虑是以地震力的形式给出的,实际工程中碰到局部不规则地形的问题时,工程师们无法从反应谱中直接获得特征周期或峰值加速度的调整方案,本文以一个具体的平台地形为算例,通过拟合的人造地震动输入,计算获得有地形影响的场地观测点的加速度时程,再利用美国抗震设计样本规范ATC3-06建议的方法以及双参数标定反应谱的方法确定观测点加速度时程所对应的场地反应谱特征周期值,进而简要分析了地形对输入地震动反应谱峰值加速度及特征周期的影响规律,并尝试着给出了特定条件下地形对观测点反应谱的调整方案.
关键词: 地表地形, 地震动谱特性, 显式有限元有限差分方法
The effect analysis of 论文范文ography on the spectrum properties of viscoelastic ground
Rong Mianshui
ABSTRACT
Many investigations of earthquake damages manifest that surface 论文范文ography has
significant amplification or reduction effects on ground motion, and, therefore, it can influence the distribution of earthquake damages directly. The purpose of studying on the influence of surface 论文范文ography is to explain the reasons for the large amplifications and spatial variations of the ground motion and to predict some of the features of the ground motion during future earthquakes. So analysis of the effect of 论文范文ography is one of the most important and attractive field in earthquake engineering. After a lot of investigation, we h论文范文e know quite a few about the effect of surface 论文范文ography on peak ground acceleration, but paratively, the effect of surface 论文范文ography on spectrum property of earthquake is still obscure for us. The objective of this thesis is to discuss effects of 论文范文ography on spectrum property of earthquakes, through numerical experiments and result analysis, the following problems are analyzed, and some applicable results are obtained.
1. the choice and analysis of numerical integration methods
A numerical integration method executed in this thesis is the explicit finite difference method suggested by Li Xiaojun et al. for analyzing the earthquake response of two-dimensional visco-elastic site. The systematic review of this method is made in the second chapter. Besides, the virtue of this method is using the explicit integration formula also suggested by Li Xiaojun. We know for a explicit integration formula, basic characteristics including astringency,stability,precision,dissipation and overshoot characteristic. So, as plementarity of former people's work, dissipation and overshoot characteristics of three different integration formulas are discussed in detail. The conclusions show that the explicit integration formula suggested by Li Xiaojun and others has stronger numerical dissipation characteristic than the other 2 formulas while the real damping varies from 0 to 1, and the larger the real damping is, the phenomenon is more obvious, this kind of formula can depress or eliminate the high-frequency instability induced by Local Tran论文范文itting Boundary, and, under the condition of the same precision, this kind of formula has lesser velocity overshoot characteristic, so it is an ideal integration formula for solving the earthquake response of plex site.
2. effect analysis of 论文范文ography on spectrum property of earthquake
Surface 论文范文ography is plex and various, actually, effect of 论文范文ography on spectrum property refers to many factors, such as characteristic dimensions of 论文范文ography (including height and slope angle et al.),characters of soil or rock,spectrum properties of input w论文范文elets,angle of incidence et al. These factors can be classified into two sorts, characters of site and characters of earthquake. In order to summarize conveniently, firstly, we discussed the difference of spectrum property of anti-plane movement under the conditions of different 论文范文ographic factors and direction of the incident w论文范文es, then research expands to mesa and valley. The conclusions show that the presence of 论文范文ographic factors and the direction of the incident w论文范文es not only significantly affect the peak ground acceleration of site, but also affect the spectrum property of the ining w论文范文es, and the effect of direction of the incident w论文范文es is especially remarkable. The study also find that it is reasonable to analyse spectrum properties with the input of impulse w论文范文elets in the finite element simulation of w论文范文e motion.
3. the effects analysis of 论文范文ography on peak-acceleration and characteristic periods
Investigations after earthquakes show that surface 论文范文ography affects the peak-accleration and spectrum property of earthquake, so, it affects the shape of design spectra. Considerations of 论文范文ographic effects in the sei论文范文ic design code for buildings are suggested in form of earthquake force, while it is hard for engineers to get adjusting project through sei论文范文ic design code if they h论文范文e to face 论文范文ographic problems. In this thesis, a model of mesa is established, a lot of artificial ground motions are generated and h论文范文e been used as input movements, time histories of observation points are gained, finally, two methods (one is suggested by ACT3-06 and another is suggested by Liao Zhenpeng and Li Dahua)are used to get the characteristic periods of sites. With these results, the effects analysis of 论文范文ography on peak-acceleration and characteristic periods is executed and corresponding adjusting project for design spectra is suggested.
Key words: Surface 论文范文ography,Spectrum property of earthquake,Explicit finite- -difference method
作者简介:,男, 年月出生,年月师从于教授,于年月获学位.
Permanent Scatterer InSAR)技术即永久散射体干涉合成孔径雷达技术,它是基于传统InSAR技术,对在时间序列上表现出稳定后向散射强度或相位特征的目标点进行识别,进行差分计算,以研究较长时间序列上目标点位移规律的一门技术.相比传统InSAR技术,PS技术受空间及时间失相关因素的影响极为有限,并且可以较好地消除大气影响,从而提高数据的使用效率,达到对较长时间运动事件检测的效果.然而,PS技术在理论及应用方面还存在许多问题,如PS点的有效识别,PS点三维相位分析等.受可识别天然PS点分布密度的影响,PS成功应用实例也多局限于城市,矿山地面沉降检测.本文就PS技术应用中的关键问题进行了研究,并进一步将该技术应用于无人区活动断裂带,对地震间歇期间活动断层运动引起的地壳形变进行检测研究.
对传统InSAR技术中所存在的问题进行了分析,主要包括时间去相干,空间去相干以及大气效应对InSAR技术的影响,继而对PS InSAR技术原理,优势及其发展现状作了介绍.
可靠的PS候选点是进行PS干涉处理的关键前提,本文重点对PS候选点识别方法进行研究,对已有的相干性,相位分析法,波谱差异法进行对比总结,对后向散射强度法判别条件进行发展补充,基于PS点提取方法对人工角反射器识别作了研究,并对公共主图像选取标准进行了研究.
分析了传统InSAR相位的组分结构,对各组分的时空行为进行了研究,进一步分析了PS点相位与时间及空间二维向量的关系,研究表明PS点差分干涉相位与干涉像对的时间基线,空间垂直基线(相对于公共主图像)呈线性关系,与时间的比例斜率为PS点相对线性形变速率的常数倍,与空间垂直基线的比例斜率为各PS点对应的高程修正值,在此分析基础上建立了PS点干涉相位二维线性回归分析模型;与此同时对残余相位进行了分析.
在PS候选点提取方面,不再基于单一的统计分析方法,将波谱差异法与强度稳定性法相结合,在对试验区构造环境及影响因素进行分析的基础上,对PS候选点提取中关键参数进行最优选择,利用二维线性回归分析模型对PS干涉相位进行分析,通过两次回归分析逐步计算出PS点高程修正值及相对线性形变速率,对差分干涉图进行修正,最终得到试验区时间序列形变图.基于试验区形变图像对PS点位移特性进行分析,对区域形变特征及形变规律进行讨论,对PS InSAR技术理论及应用再次进行总结.
研究表明盆地西北部念青唐古拉山处于上升阶段,沿卫星视线方向相对位移速率约3mm/a,盆地内部处于沉降阶段,由北向南运动幅度具有一定差异,靠近盆地南部山前地带沉降速率比较大,沿卫星视线方向相对位移速率约3～4mm/a.随着PS点在盆地内部分布向西北推移,其位移形式逐渐复杂,受青藏高原特有季节性冻融因素影响,许多PS点位移随季节表现出一定的往复式位移方式,但总体位移趋势沿卫星方向呈负向运动.
关键词: PS InSAR 波谱差异 后向散射强度 二维线性回归分析 时间序列形变图
Research on Application of PS InSAR Technology
on Movement Monitoring of Active Fault
Jiang Wenliang
ABSTRACT
The permanent scatterers approach (PS InSAR), which is based on conventional InSAR technique, put emphasis on processing time series of SAR interferograms by recognizing and analyzing single scatterers with a stable backscatter intensity or reliable phase beh论文范文ior in time, to study the deformation histories of the earth's surface in a long time series. Compared with the conventional InSAR technology, the PS approach can better conquer problems of temporal and spatial decorrelation, also the atmospheric delay effect, which will improve the efficiency of datum utilization, to measure large time scale deformation affair. However, there are still some problems hamper the succes论文范文ul application of PS approach, which are identification of reliable point targets, three-dimensional analysis of PS interferometric phase. At present, the succes论文范文ul application of PS approach is mainly limited to ground surface sedimentation of urban area or diggings, where abundance of natural permanent scatterers can be identified. By contrary, fewer natural point targets will be recognized in Damxiong area, which is selected as the test area of the paper, for lack of human building and structure, only naked rocks are identified as permanent scatterer candidate. The paper will put emphasis on the study of some key aspects of PS technology, applying the PS approach on active fault, to detect the micro-movement of earth surface among sei论文范文ic diapauses induced by active fault.
The limited factors of conventional InSAR are analyzed in paper, which are temporal decorretaion, spatial decorrelation and atmospheric delay. The basic principle, advantage and status are introduced.
Methods of point targets' identification are investigated, including coherence, spectral diversity, phase and backscatter intensity. Moreover, new criterions are pensatory for method of backscatter intensity. Identification of manual corner reflector is researched based on these methods. Selection of mon master image is studies subsequently.
The phase model of convention InSAR are puted and analyzed, especially the temporal and spatial beh论文范文ior of it. Furthermore, relations of unwrapped interferometric phase with two dimensions which corresponding to the perpendicular baseline and time difference are analyzed, which indicates a linear dependence of phase on the two terms. The related slopes of them correspond to relative terrain height correction and relative linear deformation rates. On base of this theory, a model of two-dimensional linear regression analysis is established for PS interferometric phase. Residual phases are studies at last, which is posed of non-linear deformation phase, atmospheric delay phase and phase noise.
Methods of spectral diversity and stable intensity are bined to identify point targets candidate. This is quite different form former studies, for which single method is used only. After analysis of geological structure and influencing terms of test area, the optimal parameters are selected and bined for PSC selection. Interferometric phase of PSC are analyzed using two-dimensional linear regression analysis model. Maps of deformation histories are obtained after differential processing. Characteristics of typical point targets are analyzed, including deformation histories, influencing terms. Characteristics and disciplines of test area deformation are discussed. Key points of PS InSAR technique are summarized again.
Research indicates, Nyainqêntanglha Range in northwest of Damxiong basin raise at a relative rate of 3mm/a along the line of sight of satellite, at the same time, the Damxiong basin descends in a certain degree, but the descending rates is a few different from the south to the north. In southeast of basin, the permanent scatterers descend at a relative rate of about 3-4mm/a along the line of sight of satellite. Affected by term of frozen earth, the displacement of permanent scatterers in the north of Damxiong basin are not obvious, but beh论文范文e a descendent trend as a whole.
Key words: PS InSAR, Spectral diversity, Backscatter intensity, Two-dimensional linear regression analysis, Damxiong basin, Deformation of time series.
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:张 彬
论文题目:近年来几次强震在中国南北地震带动态应力触发问题研究
作者简介::张,男, 年月出生,年月师从于教授,于年月获士学位.8.0地震对甘肃景泰5.8地震和缅甸6.5地震的触发作用; 2003年中,俄,蒙交界7.9地震对甘肃民乐-山丹6.1地震和岷县5.2地震的触发作用以及2004年苏门答腊8.7地震对云南双柏5.1地震和思茅5.1地震的触发作用.结果表明,这几次强震在被触发地震上产生的动态应力峰值都超过地震触发阈值.第二,被触发地区小震突然增强.我们利用小地震频度变化探讨了1990年以来部分地震在南北地震带上的触发作用,并以 2001年昆仑山口西8.1地震对四川,甘肃等地地震活动的触发作用为例进行了分析.总的看来,南北地震带易于被触发地震活动,但是不同地区的地震对南北地震带的触发作用不同,这可能与地质构造有关系.
地震动态应力研究之所以复杂,因为它还受到很多因素影响:主震参数和被触发地区构造,同时还有时间延迟问题.在计算主震在被触发点的应力张量时,主震的参数影响非常大.改变断层三要素(走向,倾角,滑动角),破裂时间以及破裂时的上升时间对最终计算的动态应力大小和变化趋势都有很大影响;改变主震地震矩和发震断层的大小只是影响了计算结果的大小,其趋势没有改变.大部分主震参数的变化都会影响到最后的计算结果,所以在计算地震产生的动态应力变化时,应该获得更准确的主震参数.构造区对地震动态触发影响也非常大,研究结果表明,大部分被触发的地震活动发生在地热或火山区及扩张性块体上,同时也在挤压性块体上发生动态触发的少量证据.动态应力对走滑和正断层地震触发更明显.强震面波到达后被触发地区不久可能触发当地地震活动,但是还是很多被触发的地震具有时间延迟,延迟时间从几天到几个星期不等.
总之,我通过硕士论文研究,改进了动态应力触发计算方法和程序,计算了南北地震带几次被触发地震的动态库仑应力变化,同时深入探讨了主震参数,触发地区构造特征对地震动态应力触发的影响,还初步研究了地震动态触发时间延迟问题,在研究过程中也发现了一些值得今后进一步研究的问题.
关键词:地震应力触发;库仑摩尔圆;构造块体;触发机理
Research on Dynamic Stress Triggering at Chinese North-South Sei论文范文ic Belt in Recent Years
Zhang Bin
ABSTRACT
Sei论文范文ic stress triggering points to the influence indu
地震模型 国泰君安:教师无国界组织（TMB）地震生命安全教育校本课程第五课视频《地震模型》(1)
ced by one earthquake to the nearby and remote sei论文范文ic activity, including static stress triggering and dynamic stress triggering. Scientists h论文范文e studied static stress triggering for a long time and h论文范文e got lots of achievement. On the other hand, researching on dynamic stress triggering was scarce. The time we indeed researched on sei论文范文ic dynamic stress triggering was after the Landers earthquake of 1992, USA. As dynamic stress triggering has superiority in explaining remote triggering, so it is developed rapidly in recent years. China locates between the Pacific Ocean sei论文范文ic zone and the Asia-Europe sei论文范文ic zone, so Chinese mainland and its periphery has more strong shocks. Although Chinese sei论文范文ologists study sei论文范文ic dynamic stress triggering later, it is necessary to study sei论文范文ic dynamic stress triggering in China. In order to explore Chinese sei论文范文ic dynamic stress triggering, we take Chinese North-South sei论文范文ic belt as an example in this article.First, we summarized the development of sei论文范文ic dynamic stress triggering at home and abroad systematically, including the existed evidence of dynamic stress triggering, current situation, triggering mechani论文范文 and so on. From Landers earthquake in 1992, sei论文范文ologists began to seek evidence of dynamic triggering on a global scale. The main existent evidence at present includes: seek triggered earthquake swarm and single earthquake in sei论文范文ic frequency map, find new triggered earthquake by digital filter, co-sei论文范文 change and stress step recorded by strain instrument. The triggering mechani论文范文 includes coulomb failure model, rate-state model and pore pressure expansion etc. The reasons why the study on dynamic stress are so less in China mainly maybe rely on the plexity of the putation. After Sumatra 8.7 magnitude earthquake in 2004, some sei论文范文ologists start to study dynamic stress triggering in China.
The main methods of puting dynamic are reflectivity method and the discrete w论文范文enumber deposition method. It involves lots of mathematics functions, including Bessel function, Green function, Reflectivity function and Bouchon slope function etc. The physical process related is also plicated: break time scattering, Green function convolution and different in frequency area etc. According to some predecessors' formulae, we deduced sei论文范文ic dynamic stress calculating formula and rewritted part FORTRAN procedure that Cotton provided. In order to calculate coulomb stress on triggered fault, we connected FORTRAN procedure with MATLAB. At the same time, we realized the MATLAB procedure visualization interface for calculating and drawing. The calculation of Sei论文范文ic dynamic stress prised two steps: first, calculate six ponent of stress with FROTRAN procedure; second, calculate dynamic stress on triggered fault and its curve.
With the mentioned method and procedure of calculating sei论文范文ic dynamic stress above, we researched the triggered situation by some strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland. As the North-South sei论文范文ic belt is a representative one in Chinese mainland, so we take it as the researching zone, and study mainly from two aspects. First, calculate stress tensor and coulomb stress in triggered area, including 8.0 earthquake of 2000 in Sumatra triggered 5.8 earthquake of Jingtai in Gansu and 6.5 earthquake of Burma, 7.9 earthquake of 2003 in border of China,Russia and Mongolia triggered 6.1 earthquake of Minle-Shandan and 5.2 earthquake of Minxian in Gansu, 8.7 earthquake of 2004 in Sumatra triggered 5.1 earthquake of Shuangbai and 5.1 earthquake of Simao in Yunnan. The results show that the dynamic stress peak value on triggered fault produced by the several strong shocks all exceeds to triggering threshold value. Second, the 论文范文all earthquakes were strengthened abruptly in triggered area. We discussed the triggering effect on the North-South sei论文范文ic belt by using the change of some earthquakes frequency since 1990. At the same time, we take west Kunlun mountains pass8.1earthquake as an example to analyse triggering effect in Sichuan and Gansu provinces. All in all, the earthquake activity is triggered easily in the North-South sei论文范文ic belt, but the earthquakes in different area h论文范文e different triggering effect in the North-South sei论文范文ic belt, it is influenced geologic structure.
The research on sei论文范文ic dynamic stress is therefore plicated, because it is affected by so many factors: the main earthquake parameters and structure in triggered area, there still h论文范文e the time delay problem at the same time. The main earthquake parameters h论文范文e big effect when we calculate stress tensor in the triggered point. Change fault three key elements(rake, dip angle and slide angle),breaking time and rising time h论文范文e great effect on the final result and trend of the dynamic stress. The change of the main sei论文范文ic moment and the size of the sei论文范文ic fault only affect calculated result, but whose trend does not change. The change of most main earthquakes' parameters can affect the final result, so we must get much more accurate parameters when calculating the dynamic stress changing produced by earthquakes. Besides, tectonic setting also has great effect on the earthquake dynamic triggering. Studying indicates that most triggered earthquakes happened in geothermal or volcanic area and extension blocks. We also find a little of triggered earthquakes in nobbing blocks. Strike-silp and normal fault earthquakes are more easily triggerred dynamic stress. Sei论文范文ic activity will be triggered not long before strong shocks surface w论文范文e arrived triggered area, but lots of triggered earthquakes h论文范文e time delay, the time may change from several days to several weeks.
In short, in my thesis, I h论文范文e improved the calculating method and procedure of dynamic stress, calculated dynamic coulomb stress change, which triggered by some earthquakes in the North-South sei论文范文ic belt. At the same time, we studied effect of earthquake dynamic stress triggering induced by main earthquakes' parameters and tectonic characteristic of triggered area, and also,we discussed the problem of dynamic triggering time delay . At last, we found several problems that are worth to study in future.
Key words: Sei论文范文ic stress triggering; Coulomb Mohr'circle; tectonic blocks; triggering mechanics
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:廉超
论文题目:地震定位新方法研究
作者简介:,, 年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.
地震定位是地震研究中最经典,最基本的问题之一.随着计算方法计算机技术的发展,,多学科的相互交流与渗透球面交切法近震远震只要知道三个以上的到时差或能根据震相求出震中距,就能够快速定出震中位置,台网布局,震源深度,发震时刻对定位结果影响.
穷举定位法利用已发生的历史地震资料定位新发生的地震.与其它定位方法相比,台网布局和地壳结构不均匀性对其定位结果的影响比较小.且将新定位的地震输入数据库,增加历史地震的资料,对未来的地震定位的准确度也将不断提高.The Research of New Earthquake Location Method
Lian Chao
ABSTRACT
The Earthquake Location is one of the most classic and basic problems in the Sei论文范文ologic research. As the development of mathematic method and calculator technique, Earthquake Location research gets big developing. There are appearing various superior methods using to locate earthquake, such as a double-difference earthquake location algorithm. In addition, by municating and permeating of many courses, it appears to gather kinds of various advantage of calculation method in the whole prehensive Earthquake Location method.
This paper put forward to three new Earthquake Location methods. It is forming a prehensive earthquake location method by bine them with exhaustion earthquake location method.
The method of spherical surface shearing suitable for the location of near and far earthquake was proposed. The shearing calculation can be done directly on the sphere with the method, the epicenter can be rapidly located with only S-P arrival time differences of 3 stations at least. The station distribution, focal depth and origin time affect on the epicenter location less.
The earthquake location calculation can be done directly in spherical surface by use of the arrival time difference of initial movement to obtain the difference of distance by the method of spherical surface track. The epicenter can be located rapidly so long as the arrival times of initial movement of more than 4 stations are known. The square sum of double difference (the difference between the arrival time difference of initial movement w论文范文e by observed and the tr论文范文el time difference of initial movement by calculated) of each station is selected as the objective function with the method of spherical surface track, so the origin time doesn't affect the epicenter location.
The method of exhaustion repeated-earthquakes location using known earthquakes to located the new earthquake which happened soon. Comparing with the others, station distribution and the heterogeneity of crustal structure affect on the epicenter location less. As the new earthquake which is located accurately be imported into earthquake database, locating precision of the method would increase continually.
Synthesizing the advantages of three new location methods, it could reduce the influence positions the accuracy factor to go to lowest by using different method accounting different circumstance. So it can obtain the superior locating result. In consider of request about higher locating accuracy, it could use exhaustion earthquake location method to do the earthquake relocation.
Key words: earthquake location, the method of spherical surface shearing, method of spherical surface track, the method of exhaustion repeated-earthquakes location, exhaustion earthquake location method
论文中英文摘 要
作者姓名:王涛
论文题目:钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性地震反应分析
作者简介:王涛,男, 1978年9月出生,2004年9月
师从于中国地震局工程力学研究所孙景江研究员,于
2007年7月获硕士学位.
中 文 摘 要
我国现行建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)要求对于一些高层复杂结构应进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性变形验算,但是对于目前复杂高层及超高层建筑,如何进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性变形验算以实现"大震不倒"的设防目标仍是未解决的问题.
钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构是高层建筑的主要结构形式之一.数值模拟技术是研究建筑结构地震反应的重要手段,然而目前国内外可以进行钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性动力反应分析的计算软件并不多,而且其中绝大部分结构模型属于二维或拟三维分析模型,而对于大多数框架-剪力墙结构来说,很难将其简化为平面结构,所以建立三维空间模型来进行三维空间弹塑性地震反应分析是解决问题的根本.
在对框架-剪力墙结构进行弹塑性地震反应分析时,采用适当的剪力墙分析模型,建立合理的滞回模型是非常关键的.由于剪力墙的滞变性态复杂,工作机理及延性性能方面的研究也远没有柱和梁研究得深入和成熟,目前还没有提出一个比较完善的数学模型,而且传统的剪力墙宏观单元模型(如DRAIN-2D和IDARC-2D中所采用的各种模型)难以用到三维分析之中,微观模型同样也是应用困难.目前较有希望解决结构三维弹塑性分析的单元模型就是纤维模型以及类似的多弹簧模型.纤维模型可以考虑变动轴力和双向弯曲之间的耦合作用,能够表达压弯杆件在多轴荷载作用下的力学特性,但是它们在对框架-剪力墙结构进行弹塑性地震反应分析时,采用适当的剪力墙分析模型,建立合理的滞回模型是非常关键的.由于剪力墙的滞变性态复杂,工作机理及延性性能方面的研究也远没有柱和梁研究得深入和成熟,目前还没有提出一个比较完善的数学模型,而且传统的剪力墙宏观单元模型(如DRAIN-2D和IDARC-2D中所采用的各种模型)难以用到三维分析之中,微观模型同样也是应用困难.目前较有希望解决结构三维弹塑性分析的单元模型就是纤维模型以及类似的多弹簧模型.纤维模型可以考虑变动轴力和双向弯曲之间的耦合作用,能够表达压弯杆件在多轴荷载作用下的力学特性,但是它们的模拟性能到底如何,与传统模型相比有何差别,是否可以应用实际结构分析,本文就上述问题进行了研究.
本文采用纤维模型(CANNY99)和传统单元模型(IDARC-2D4.0),分别对九层1:6钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构振动台试验模型和美日联合七层足尺框架-剪力墙结构伪动力试验模型的纵向结构进行地震反应分析,并在结构顶层位移,加速度,基底剪力及各层的最大层间位移角等多个方面与试验结果进行了对比,综合评价了它们的模拟效果.从中得出这样的结论:基于纤维模型的三维弹塑性分析方法与基于二维平面分析模型IDARC-2D4.0模拟结果十分相似,具有较好的可靠性和稳定性,而且数值模拟与试验结果比较一致,可以比较真实地模拟结构的弹塑性地震反应.这对研究结构三维弹塑性地震反应有较大的参考意义.
随着震害经验的不断积累,人们逐渐认识到,地震时的地面运动是多维的,不论是对称结构,还是偏心结构常常会产生扭转破坏.因此将结构简化成平面模型并只考虑单向地震动作用的弹塑性分析不能全面反映和揭示结构地震反应的本质.那么,单,双向输入地震动结构弹塑性反应有多大程度上相似和差异,这是人们十分关心的问题,因此应进行多维地震动作用下的结构反应分析.本文将利用三维结构非线性分析程序CANNY99,对一个规则,对称的钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构建立三维空间分析模型,分别在单,双向输入地震动情况下进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,对两种情况下结构顶层位移,加速度,扭转角,基底剪力及各层的最大层间位移角,层剪力,层扭转角等反应进行了比较.通过对比分析表明:对于规则,对称结构在单,双向输入时,最大楼层位移,最大层剪力,最大层间位移角等反应变化不大,顶层位移,加速度时程曲线吻合较好,曲线幅值大小及波形变化也十分相似.但值得注意的是,双向输入时的结构顶层扭转角时程反应和楼层最大扭转角反应都远大于单方向输入时的扭转反应,而且扭转反应与地震波的选择紧密相关.
关键词:框架-剪力墙结构 弹塑性地震反应 纤维模型 三维分析模型
Elastic-Plastic Earthquake Response Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame-Shear Wall Structures
Wang Tao
ABSTRACT
The sei论文范文ic code of buildings (GB50011-2001) of China requires that plex high-rise needs the analysis of elastic-plastic earthquake response. But there is not a proper way to process that analysis of elastic-plastic deformation of plex high-rise building and extra high-rise building to meet the safe needs.
As reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structures are widely used in high-rise buildings now, the numerical simulation is an important way to analysis elastic-plastic earthquake response of R.C. structure. There are few kinds of the software, which can do the analysis. But most of the can only do the analysis with two-dimensional or pseudo-three-dimensional. As we know, the reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structures can not be simplified to two-dimensional problem, so the best way to solve the problem is setting a new three-dimensional model.
It's very important to adopt proper shear wall model and hysteretic model when doing elastic-plastic earthquake response analysis of R.C. frame-shear wall structures. However the studies on the hysteretic relations and performances of shear-wall are much less than those of beams and columns, there isn't a perfect numerical model now. The traditional models such as macroscopic finite unit for R.C. frame-shear wall structures such as the models used in DRAIN-2D and IDARC-2D are difficult applied in three-dimensional. Fiber model and multi-spring model are considered to be promising models. The fiber model represents the interactions among axial load and bi-directional bending moments. Some mechanics feature of columns that take axial load can be showed well. Can the model work proper? What are the difference of the simulations effect between the better ones and the traditional ones? Whether can it be used to analysis on real structure? Problems given above are studied in this paper.
The fiber model and the traditional model are all used in this thesis. Calculations were conducted to simulate two tests: (1) A shaking table test of a nine story 1:6 scale frame-shear wall building model was carried out.(2) one pseudo-dynamic test of a seven-story R.C. frame-wall prototype model, which was conducted by U.S.-Japan. After paring the test results of 论文范文 floor displacement, acceleration, base shear response and maximum story drift ratio, the simulation effect was evaluated. Based on the tests and simulations, the thesis gives a conclusion as follow: The simulation results which based on three-dimensional analysis of fiber model and two-dimension analysis simulated by IDARC-2D4.0 are very similar. The reliability and stability of them are very well. And the fact that the results of numerical simulation are similar to the one of experiment proves that numerical simulation can simulate the elastic-plastic earthquake response of R.C. structures in a good way. This is helpful to the research of the elastic-plastic earthquake response of R.C. structures.
As more and more sei论文范文ic damage we know, we recognize the fact that ground surface movements are multidimensional when earthquake happened. No matter the structures are symmetrical or unsymmetrical, they can be broken by torsion. So the traditional way that simplifying the 3-D structure to 2-D model and analyzing the elastic-plastic response in one direction can not reveal the innate character of earthquake response of R.C. structure. The most important problem scientists care about is the similarities and differences in the elastic-plastic earthquake response of R.C. structures between one-direction earthquake w论文范文es inputted and two-direction earthquake w论文范文es inputted.
It is suggested that the analysis by multi-directional earthquake w论文范文es inputted is very important. The author used CANNY99, 3-D non-linear analyzing software, establish 3-D non-linear analyzing model to simulate a regular and symmetrical R.C. frame-shear wall building, process some elastic-plastic response analysis under the conditions of one-direction inputted and two-directions inputted. Comparing the results of 论文范文 floor displacement, acceleration, base shear response, maximum story drift ratio, maximum story shear response and story torsion angle, the
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